Profile changes should be updating the index almost immediately, so the changes should be available for searching almost straight away. The issue here is your Confluence index. It looks like it is not getting updated automatically for some reason, you have to trigger the reindexing by hand. Unfortunately, we can’t help you with that, because the issue is not withhin our plugin, is’s as said within the Confluence index, which is maintained by Atlassian. You can reach out for support to Atlassian or to an Atlassian Partner. For now you can look for a solution on the following KB-Overview: Searching and Indexing Troubleshooting
You can convince yourself, that the Custom User Profile plugin is working well, on our Linchpin demo instance.
On the following site you can test the Custom User Search. Feel free to change the profile information of kholmes and the macro configuration on that site for testing.
I hope this is helpful.